Hablamos un poco de las ultimas 4 tres versiones del opl estas son desde la versión 1703 hasta la mas reciente la versión 1732. an implementation in the official Repo as well as some forks (OPL DB, etc. - SUSCRIBETE A PATREON Y BENEFICIATE DE CONTENIDO EXCLUSIVO patreon. OPL version / revision. . Open PS2 Loader (OPL) is a 100% Open source game and application loader for the PS2 and PS3 units. New OPL DA 1. Please use the built-in attachment feature (when you reply) to upload your pictures, DO NOT use a third party image host--since we hate that around here. . Gender: Male. fatasyboy113 New Member. MX4SIO apps are not automatically shown in the Apps tab. 1 pieces at most per customer. Last edited by Windows_10_User , Oct 15, 2023 Replyfor USB, MX4SIO, i. I might just build slightly improved prototype. It works fine in regular OPL through the usb (so I know my config is correct) but not in the MX4SIO. PS2: PHAT / SLIM / FMCB w/ESR & OPL Daily Builds / SMS w/PSClient v1. Actually there is! We have BDM in the official OPL Beta-builds now, so new devices and filesystems can/could be added easier and better, IMO. Re: OPL SMB - Games stucked at Loading config screen. I have checked existing OPL issues for duplicates and found none; I am using either OPL latest stable version, or archived version or OPL beta version; Describe the issue. First, install (only) OPL v1. SIO is the name of the PlayStation's interface chip. Known issues: IGR & The shutdown combination have stopped working. Jul 25, 2023. It is a simple way to clean up your fi. 1 What OPL version are you using? Provide exact Version number -- including the Build number if available. When loading games from MX4SIO, games that are DVD-9 (larger than 4. TnA, Aug 6, 2022 #18. . En el video que verán a continuación podemos ver con mas claridad de que se tratan estos nuevos cambios gráficos que les describí anteriormente. This will create MBR partition table. En este video tutorial les traigo las novedades de la mas reciente versión del opl, es la revisión 1917 como cambio principal se destaca que ahora esta nueva. Trophy Points: 522. Describe the solution you'd like. #1. Download the latest opl version( download ). ELF (no games displayed in BDM category, refreshing doing nothing, FW turned on in options) And here this is probably in compatible device. Mar. 1. USB & MX4SIO SD Card Setup. Please use the built-in attachment feature (when you reply) to upload your pictures, DO NOT use a third party image host--since we hate that around here. 1. MX4SIO can replace TF/SD memory card! TF/SD memory card larger than 32G should be formatted into FAT32 with DISKGENUS software. 0. ). nox' (qnox32's) updates to SD compatibility and performance have been merged into the official OPL Beta-builds. 2. Apr 28, 2023. 0 in FCMB, FHDB, FORTUNA, SoftDev1 and SoftDev2. 最新の情報を調べると「MX4SIO」という商品があり、メモリーカードにいれたmicroSDカードからゲームを起動できるようになるらしい。. If so connect the HDD to your router and setup an SMB share. 1. ago. #1. 1. 0-Beta-1695-e41fac7. 1. 0 [Official Release] Open PS2 Loader is a 100% Open source game loader compatible with USB Advance/Extreme game format and also with plain ISO format. UMDROX. The correct Game Title Format = Game ID then Game Name, like this example:- "SLES_511. I just finished testing the OPL BDM CC TEST V2. 1: Rebirth: SLUS_212. 9. 0 as you normally would for USB games. If You have detection problem on so many cards problem lie in MX4SIO hardware or OPL. Compared to the first OPL versions that supported MX4SIO, the overall experience is much better! With the current OPL beta versions, I am largely spared from any crashes, which I experienced very often in the OPL menu in early/mid-2022. - SIO2SD/MX4SIO OPL in-game-driver test with Ape Escape 2 (German version) (2020-08-07, TnA aka PLASTIC) - BDM in Action (2021-01-15, Maximus32) by Takeshi. And make sure to activate mx4sio in the settings. It would also be nice to add pata HDD to the list of BDM supported devices, enabling. Last edited: Sep 28, 2022. I am using mx4sio to boot games and also USB drive. The original OPL got ZSO-Support, ExFAT-Support, Fragment-support, saving settings and in-game in MX4SIO fixed/working and so on. A big component of getting USB at its best is the OPL version. So since you're using DBs (for using inytegrated POPS I guess) , I suggest you to rename OPL to BOOT. Country. 7) Put MicroSD / SD back into the MX4SIO (inserted in the PS2) and load the list of games using OPL BDM3. ELF NEW METHOD: mc:/OPL/OPNPS2LD. 2. 2. 9. #1. . Like the mx4sio and udpbd drivers that are already in the testing phase. Yes so OPL 1627 and OPL 1629 don't work for USB or SMB/ETH, they only work for MX4SIO. Make sure you don't have any duplicated OPL Config files anywhere else in your memory cards or the USB HDD. 966 PS2 Memory Card 64MB for Sony Playstation 2 PS2,Just Plug and Play, Help you to start games on your hard disk or USB disk. If you want to use HDD, I would suggest downloading the. ya lo intenté I already tried that version and the same thing happens to me, only in opl bdm CC test v2. . 2. Whether I use the VMC function on it, or if I use OPL Tools on windows to create and configure a memory card for a specific game, I run into the issue of either game. 1. But today I've updated to OPL 1901 and now all games loaded through OPL no longer recognize a card in slot one at all. I checked now, 1917 aka commit 7d786b3 - saving OPL config works, saving game settings work, MX4SIO SD cards compatibility unchanged and I consider that is good, better than degrading compatibility. . 0 Nova Beta 1917 Mais Melhorias para MX4SIO (agora sim)! HardLevel 236 followers Join Follow 236. I didn't notice any difference (performance or compatibility) between cluster sizes on exFat. 10 the version which allows you to save using MX4SIO. 3. Hey there! I have noticed a "regression" of sorts in using mx4sio with OPL BDM and/or daily github builds. Other Platforms & Oldies. . Shipping: US $5. MX4SIO (Memory eXpansion For SIO) is an adapter for the PlayStation 2 that lets you connect SD cards to the memory card slot. No idea if it's any good. The driver for this device is still early and needs to be optimized. So you just need to 3D print a PS1 / PS2 memory card case and fit the SIO2SD PCB into that. ELF (no games displayed in USB category, refreshing doing nothing) OPNPS2LD-v1. 1 PS2 Consoles: SCPH-50001 V9 / SCPH-70012 V12 / SCPH-77001 V15 PS2 PHAT Network Adaptor: SCPH-10281The current speed for the MX4SIO is around 1. Network will be much faster than the usb ports on the ps2. The storage memory card slot of the MX4SIO adapter is not flat, because each adapter is hand made. ago. It aims to be more compatible with games. Simply insert the memory card with Free McBoot installed into the first slot on your system and the MC2SIO adapter into the second slot. Describe the solution you'd like. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns. ELF and put it into. Versions Explained (Description):This release is available in the following version (s):A continuacion les dejo el video explicando losdetalles y los alcances de este nuevo OPL BDM que es compatible con dispositivos micro sd como adata y sandisk. 0. ago. 10 the version which allows you to save using MX4SIO. I tried to have my laptop connected via wi-fi but the cutscenes would sometimes freeze for a second. I have checked existing OPL issues for duplicates and found none; I am using either OPL latest stable version, or archived version or OPL beta version; Describe the issue. Mais uma beta do OPL chegando na 1917, trazendo mais melhorias para o MX4SIO com suporte a VMC agora!Compre o MX4SIO das Bitfunx:2) provide pictures of the following settings: OPL Settings, OPL Display Settings. If your router doesn't have a usb port or support SMB shares if you have a spare raspberry pi you can use that. I recently purchased a mx4sio. In which device(s) have you experienced this issue?. ELFWhen running via OPL (MX4SIO and SMB tested) the game drops to half speed (sometimes worse) until the screen clears up. 2. #1. OPL - latest 2c22457 - Or maybee better v1. 1. If you are only interested in playing UBS games, just follow your tutorial but use BDM menu items instead of USB in. If you want to update using ethernet, skip to step #15. That's why i have both, OPL 1629 + Official OPL v1. slowdown and stutter during some of the background transitions. 0-Beta-1917 rev7d786b" (OPL BDM4) with these two consoles. iso", turn on BDM in OPL options, scan devices, make sure to not have MC and USB in ports and this will be rational test. com:all, after playing around with mx4sio and a logic analyzer over the weekend I've managed to get my 128GB SanDisk SDXC and 16GB no brand SDHC working. 2. Beats Of Rage OpenBOR OPL ready ISO -Neill Corlett. Only missing support on hdd, but another feature request has been opened for this. This time we bring you support for USB devices formatted using the exFAT filesystem, which allows copying files above 4GB without needing to split it into the UL. I have checked existing OPL feature requests for duplicates and found none; Describe the FR. i believe i am using 1. #MX4SIO #OPL #Playstation2 #PS2There will be a lot of text in here as its easier to relay the information this way. Also we recommend that you update the game compatibility details in the list after a strict check, it will help a lot, thank you. OPL ZSO's compatibility list has very few entries; PS2-HOME's OPL compatibility list mentions some OPL versions that aren't mentioned in the official OPL GitHub repository (those which start with "r" or end with "_db") and they're most likely obsolete, too; The last two compatibility lists are obsolete according to PSX-Place itself. There's been confusion between Official OPL. 0-Beta-DB_all-2202-642fe4e-2021-11-14 2 Where did you download this OPL version?. mode 1 + 2 helps a lot. 0 Beta 1922. 有论坛朋友提出,mx4sio读卡器来玩ps2游戏确实又方便又好,但是使用的sd卡是fat32格式化,不知道怎么拷4gb的ps2游戏到sd卡。有没有什么办法能解决呢? 答案当有,而且有成熟方案,就是用一个 pc段的工具来传输游戏的镜像文件即可。. On another note: You also don't need to care about fragmentation!I have checked existing OPL issues for duplicates and found none; I am using either OPL latest stable version, or archived version or OPL beta version; Describe the issue. Keep in mind that I don't have a MX4SIO gadget, so I can't test anything, but as soon as I get one (someday?)If MX4SIO is enabled under BDM settings in OPL, saving the OPL settings freezes opl, sometimes corrupting parts of the MemoryCard OPL is stored on. 2,759. It's quicker than usb and doesn't prevent you from going online. $1499. Amazon has a FreeMcBoot, MX4SIO and a 128gb micro sd card for $26. however currently right now i cannot get games over 4gb that i have split into multiple parts and put in the root of my SD card to appear on OPL. 8B (WITH CHIP) -19. No, it doesn't work. Diagramas y OPL usados en este Video:SD//MX4SIO-Code in the PS2SDK allowing any app which adds this support and is recompiled, using/accessing SD-Cards (normalµ), which means this project is NOT going to "die off" anytime soon. The problem is with the Phats / non-Deckard PS2s, if they use OPL v1. MX4SIO is an open source adapter that takes advantage of the SIO interface on the ps2. One of the upcoming features for OPL 1. No matter what after IGR I'm back in OPL at USB games and to list games from MX4SIO I have to manually replug either MX4SIO or SD card. teiito86 • 5 mo. 2016-09-29. PS1/2 Cracking sound in SingStar when using ETH or MX4SIO on "phat" PS2. All of the features intrinsic to the latest OPL are present. OPL APPS. . Installing OPL: Format The USB Drive to FAT32. . microSDカードならソフトの入れ替えも簡単、さらに薄型PS2でも使える!. Jul 25, 2023. You will have seen the pre requisites in t. Yes, BDM4 is currently recommended!I am making this thread because I don't know if it's appropriate to post in an existing related thread such as the MX4SIO WIP thread linked below. Country. 🔴😮Esta es una buena noticia!, En este video ponemos a prueba una versión del OPL que agrega compatibilidad de memorias micro sd o SD de la marca ADATA Y SA. OPL SMB requires quite low latencies on the network, because it itself is already 'slow' when a game requests sectors. Discussions and support for the creation of OPL Themes / Skins. 0000034532 • 4 mo. ISO formats while PS2 HDD supports HDLoader format. Open PS2 Loader also is developed continuously and anyone can contribute improvements to the project. Well, it may be obsolete since it doesn't mention MX4SIO and i. Link do OPL MS4SIO:…(Will be fixed in time)-FAT32 file size limits-Beta OPL requires a "Magic Gate" certified memory card to run correctly. g. Thread by: qnox32 , Feb 9, 2023 , 180 replies, in forum: General PS2 Discussion. Other Platforms & Oldies. On 79k, I'm getting "MC not inserted" on all tested games. It supports three categories of devices : USB mass storage devices, SMB shares and the PlayStation 2 HDD unit. Mx4sio is getting better too. 1. USB devices and SMB shares support USBExtreme and *. Mar. almost plug and play 🙌Become one o. Setting up MX4SIO: Format the SD Card to exFAT. Setting up MX4SIO: Format the SD Card to exFAT. The subject of OPL integration with POPStarter is. The router takes about 10 seconds longer to boot up than it takes the PS2 to boot and run OPL, so you either wait the 10 seconds before launching OPL or you set OPL's ethernet mode to manual and once in OPL you wait a few seconds longer before pressing 'X' to start Ethernet. When OPL settings are present on MC I cannot boot any game and console either is stuck at circling dots or they freeze, when no MC present or OPL folder. But you'd be limited to what you put on the disc when you generated the image. duel acadamia. If you are using OPL 1. So far haven't sat down to run opl been a bit busy the last day or so with work but as soon as I start testing. KNOWN OPL BUGS: since OPL 1606 ifcaro and OPL 1903_DB: there are scattered reports that if you have too many devices (i. OpenTuna is now compatible with each PS2 Console starting from SCPH-18000 up to SCPH-90010 and PS2 TV. UniqueUserName, Sep 27, 2016. 2. Trophy Points: 37. New Posts. When I use USB and e. The storage memory card slot of the MX4SIO adapter is not flat, because each adapter is hand made. 1 and sdcard_debugger v0. 0 is going to be an impressive release ALREADY! When ALL the new stuff is merged and some more fixes are accomplished/applied, this will be THE OPL Version to use! I really like the new features, but I care a lot about stability when a release is called "stable" and the GUI still has a lot of bugs though. slowdown and stutter during some of the background transitions. an implementation in the official Repo as well as some forks (OPL DB, etc. I'm still having issues with MX4SIO on 2 different cards on a slim PS2: Games freeze in-game and the console becomes unresponsive. Click Here to download the most Current OPL Beta; WARNING: OPL Beta downloads can sometimes be buggy or unusable, so if you have a problem with the most current version, be ready to revert back to the last BETA. On 50k , only opl v1. 1. After enabling MX4SIO in the block devices tab for the BDM start mode, OPL refuses to save the configs and just hangs on. Console model. Well, the Chinese didn't wait long to make illicit copies!!! Yeah, but the worst part - it's not even a good copy, and still they use the name "MX4SIO". When starting the game, there is an endless loading (at the same time, a running circle of game loading is visible at the bottom of the screen), the problem occurs if vmc. 0 Beta 1922. I bought the mx4sio a few days ago and when I tested it in the 1981 version I saw that the virtual memoricard was not working correctly, because even creating the file via opl, when I try to save the game it understands it as unformatted and when I try to format it it ends up corrupting the card sd and losing access to the games, I'm currently. Asi que el dia de hoy vengo explicando como instalar de manera interna ese nuevo método conocido como MX4SIO o también llamado SIO2SD de manera detallada y comprendiendo un poco mas de su funcionamiento asi que les pido se coloquen en sintonía conmigo y puedan lograr jugar a la máxima velocidad posible en su playstation 2. I still have it so if someone want some debug reads on. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns. The solution I think is to make the loading of BDM drivers configurable. Pilla Cubata! ️ Sirve tanto para USB como para MX4 !! ️ Grupo Compras RETRO. iso", turn on BDM in OPL options, scan devices, make sure to not have MC and USB in ports and this will be rational test. Make sure to enable MX4SIO in the BDM settings in OPL and format to fat32. NBD server for transferring files over network. Game list not showing in BDM USB. MX4SIO card is 256gb using ExFAT 16kb cluster - works fine with regular OPL - when I try it with multiple USB devices (1 at a time) it keeps scanning or crash. . Member. 4. USB devices and SMB shares support USBExtreme and *. 0 will be support for ZSO format (compressed ISO images). 0. Ficamos um bom tempo sem uma versão nova do OPL, recebendo apenas Pre-Releases, mas enfim chegaram! Com vários ajustes e limpezas no código que podem melhorar o desempenho e estabilidade do programa além de incluir novidades. OPL freezes when Applications Start Mode is set as Auto and you are trying to enable ETH. It is a simple way to clean up your file names, and at. To clarify the OPL builds I provide are equal to the master branch of OPL, there are no code changes to OPL itself. Country. cfg的列表文件。不用管,最终在OPL里会显示正常的名字。将SD卡装回MX4SIO就可以玩了,用OPL可以正常打开,我也测试过。 如玩了一段时间,想要增加一个或多个4G以上游戏,请按照以下操作。 ️ Añadir juegos PS2 ? Juegos de PS1 ? ¿Emuladores? ️ Te explico TODO al Detalle. USB, HDD, and SMB in AUTO mode, sometimes OPL will crash when trying to save your OPL settings, or when booting up OPL. I submitted a PR to the ps2sdk repo a moment ago with the fix. Today's video is a quick list of some tips and tricks that I learned after making a couple adapters myself and/or research online. 🔴😮Esta es una buena noticia!, En este video ponemos a prueba una versión del OPL que agrega compatibilidad de memorias micro sd o SD de la marca ADATA Y SA. about MX4SIO + OPL Beta v1. com/videogamessczSI QUIERES PUEDES AYUDAR AL CANAL - REALIZANDO UNA APORTACIÓN PAYPAL. I just got a MX4SIO card and it came with a 64GB sd card with some ps2 games on it. I will make a resume for you: - You can launch OPL's ELF from anywhere you want. ということなのでセットアップしてみること. People also searched. Been using it for a few months, has yet to fail me. 2. In any case, my main problem was that a USB stick was inserted, and OPL was always reading it first. Here is the latest OPL Beta versions: OPL 2134 Daily Builds (DB)OPL 1779 ifcaro BetasPS2 Logo Issues: Some PAL users report issues with the PS2 Logo feature. I'm using the MX4SIO on a 7900X Model slim PS2. Checks. OPL BDM 4. Male. 1. SIO is the name of the PlayStation's. SMB is the best option IMHO, MX4SIO would be next in line if you don't want to buy a router and/or deal with the wires. Checks. 0 versions -OPL Development Team (c. Closing this issue becouse exFat support has been added to ps2sdk and opl by @JoseAaronLopezGarcia a year ago already. 1. USBメモリをPS2に挿す。 PS2には以下が挿入された状態で、PS2を起動しよう。 ①「FMCB化したメモリカード」 ②「OPLを入れたUSBメモリ」 *CD/DVDは何も入れない. MX4SIO (Memory eXpansion For SIO) is an adapter for the PlayStation 2 that lets you connect SD cards to the memory card slot. Trophy Points: 522. 0 not working and v1. New test build of OPL with BDM and sio2sd / mx4sio: - Mode 2 is no longer needed to get games working - Game compatibility greatly increased - SD compatbility should still be the same - "release" build, so no debug info, but fastest speeds Other noteworthy things: - USB driver has issues, I'm working on them - IEEE1394 driver is. Discussions and support for OPL Manager (OPLM). Jun 27, 2022. From menu choose new partition table and choose "msdos". Beats Of Rage OpenBOR OPL ready ISO -Neill Corlett. RGEEK FreeMcBoot FMCB 1. Checks. 5" USB 3. My name is "Algol" (or algol), many games have been tested with the MX4SIO on a FAT SCPH39004 console and also a Slim SCPH70004. #MX4SIO #OPL #Playstation2 #PS2There will be a lot of text in here as its easier to relay the information this way. Open PS2 Loader also is developed continuously and anyone can contribute improvements to the project. . Tried enable modes 1,2,3 and 6 without any luck. Your game backups will go in the CD and DVD folders. 1917) que salieron en esta semana, estas versiones están contenidas en la ultima revisión es la versión 1917 que se destaca por la mejora que ya los usuarios de dispositivos MX4SIO pueden guardar los avances de los juegos tanto en mc físicas. OPL ZSO's compatibility list has very few entries; PS2-HOME's OPL compatibility list mentions some OPL versions that aren't mentioned in the official OPL GitHub repository (those which start with "r" or end with "_db") and they're most likely obsolete, too; The last two compatibility lists are obsolete according to PSX-Place itself (even more. Will post a picture in a bit. Just keep it and try/compare it to the newest official OPL Beta builds. 0 that needs the help of as many testers as possible. If I have MX4SIO in memory card slot 1 my controller won't work, is MX4SIO taking too much power from the bus? I take it the PS2 is similar to the PS1 and the port and memory card slot share the same data and power lines?? Is it normal for the controller not work in the. Here's an Amazon US link to the mini router I use: It cost $30. 2. (SLOT M1) The Ps2 model used is 70001 (softmodded) With FREEMCBOOT installed in M0. (experimental) MX4SIO support. En este tutorial, veremos cómo instalar y configurar OPL. Most games I put on it runs fine from my Samsung Pro 32GB sd but not The Simpsons Game. SCPH-90006. -EDIT 21) Make sure you only have 1 x OPL (config folder) in Path: mc0:/ The Beta OPL BDM3 needs the original OPL Config folder from Official OPL v1. ago. Open PS2 Loader (OPL) 1. The slim is lined up to be greater than the phat in the next couple of years with mx4sio mechapwn and work on ODODE the small compatibility issues with mx4sio are strictly because of opl's main branch not wanting to implement the driver properly , I give it 12 months tops before mx4sio compatibility is on par with a HDD So I would actually recommend mx4sio as the best option for slim rn Jun 27, 2022. I use the MX4SIO with a 32GB SDcard formatted in exFAT, 32kb clusters (by default). After booting up your system, scroll down to the OPL option and enter the menu, where you can find a list of all the PS2 backups you have placed on the SD card. Crossbell. Initially it supported some way of launching it directly from the games menu. En este video ponemos a prueba una versión del OPL que agrega compatibilidad de memorias micro sd o SD de la marca ADATA Y SANDISK, y otras no compatibles en dispositivos MX4SIO de. Male. Use GUiFormat and format your SD cards to FAT32 and 16K clusters. 不用管,最终在opl里会. Dual Shock 2 Controller. For MX4SIO, I use OPL BDM4, with a Samsung EVO SD card and an official Magic Gate memory card. 1. Memory card can't be detected when playing from MX4SIO. 2,759. 2、After decompressing the downloaded files, copy OPLELF to a USB disk in FAT32 format. I don't know why, I don't have MX4SIO to test yet, but the cluster has to be between 32 or 64 kilobytes due to the exfat recommendations by @JoseAaronLopezGarcia opl and not set to 128 the cluster anything that tries to increase the BDM cache. 97. this is the weak point for mx4sio. com: RGEEK PS2 MX4SIO TF Card Adapter with 128G TF and PS2 FMCB MX4SIO Archived Version Card for PS2 All Fat and Slim Consoles, PS2 Memory Card : Electronics. Hey guys! Started using an MX4SIO recently, but having a problem with reads dropping out while in games. hack//G. Yes so OPL 1627 and OPL 1629 don't work for USB or SMB/ETH, they only work for MX4SIO. 0-Beta-1627-23ba651-bdm could access the MC. (experimental) MX4SIO support. In general, all is well with the card so far. 0 If there is two OPL folders here, keep the OPL folder that has many files inside, and delete / rename the other OPL folder that has only 1 file inside. If you're having a problem with certain game playing through OPL, maybe you should launch it with additional compatibility mode. Works with HDD, USB, ETH. By generating a bootable SMS disc image with the music already built-in you could launch it in OPL from MX4SIO and play the music from the image. teiito86 • 5 mo. Where version up until 1. (OPL) > 4. $1499. First, install (only) OPL v1. The router takes about 10 seconds longer to boot up than it takes the PS2 to boot and run OPL, so you either wait the 10 seconds before launching OPL or you set OPL's ethernet mode to manual and once in OPL you wait a few seconds longer before pressing 'X' to start Ethernet. RastaJedi, TnA, Towersss and 2 others like this. ago. This item: PS2 MX4SIO SIO2SD SD Card Reader Adapter. 完成后,你会发现在储存卡根目录多出一些文件以及一个ul. In the PlayStation 2 it is called "SIO2". 1. Open PS2 Loader (OPL) is a 100% Open source game and application loader for the PS2 and PS3 units. This Adapter takes MicroSD cards up to 1 TB that need to be formatted in FAT32 or exFAT with the Latest OPL software which is installed on the FMCB on my site and allows you. 2016-09-29. tktagmedia said: ↑. Gender: Male. There are 2 ways to update your existing installation of OPL.